Objects are three dimensional and are comprised of the most varied array of materials found in collections. Whether ancient or contemporary, objects can be made from a single material or a combination of materials such as, wood, metal, ivory, bone, shell, ceramics or leather. Also, many contemporary pieces are made from plastics, composites and other modern materials. The conservation of objects requires a very comprehensive understanding of the chemistry and physics of both organic and inorganic materials, as well as an understanding of the historical context and maker's intent of the particular item.

The elements and forces which contribute to the need for objects treatment include aging and deterioration due to environmental conditions; outdoor sculptures, for example, can have recurring needs. But other forces and elements can affect the long term preservation of objects, as well, such as inherent issues in the original construction techniques and materials; poorly executed previous restorations; and the effects of accidents and handling.